Quiero compartir mi punto de vista sobre lo que es el diseño de información y contrastarlo con algunas definiciones dadas por profesionales y académicos, que han trabajado en este campo y han contribuido a darle forma. La importancia de definirlo, radica en fomentar su desarrollo a partir de transformar el conocimiento tácito (la práctica) en conocimiento explícito, En consecuencia, esto otorgará claridades para su desarrollo y los ámbitos de su práctica.
El diseño de Información, es un área que estudia las maneras de presentar información en condiciones particulares, con el fin de resolver problemáticas de las personas. La respuesta del diseño de información está mediada por las situaciones impuestas por la vida urbana, lo que obliga a presentar la información de una manera particular. Busca comprender de manera precisa el problema de entregar al sujeto la información de manera clara y efectiva en aras de disminuir las posibilidades de error, busca a través la metodología proyectual, responder con la solución, teniendo presente el contexto en el que se inscribe.
Avanzar en concretar la delimitación del campo del diseño de información otorgará mayor estabilidad a su práctica y facilitará a su vez la demanda de sus servicios por parte de la sociedad, Con el fin de contribuir a su definición y entender el ¿Qué es?. Presento algunas definiciones que considero dan cuerpo a la discusión entorno a delimitar este campo de estudio.
Robert E. Horn
“Diseño de la información se define como el arte y la ciencia de preparar información de modo que pueda ser usada por los seres humanos con eficiencia y eficacia.
Gerlinde Schuller
“Diseño de información es la transferencia de datos complejos, en su mayoría, de dos dimensiones, que apuntan a la comunicación, la documentación y la preservación de los conocimientos. Tiene que ver con la construcción de conjuntos completos de datos y sus interrelaciones comprensibles, con el objetivo de crear transparencia y eliminar la incertidumbre.
Instituto Internacional para el Diseño de la información
“Diseño de la información es la definición, planificación, y la conformación de los contenidos de un mensaje y su relación con el entorno, con la intención de lograr objetivos particulares en relación con las necesidades de los usuarios.
Terry Irwin
“Los diseñadores de información son personas muy especial que deben dominar todas las habilidades y talentos de un diseñador; combinarlos con el rigor y la capacidad para resolver problemas de un científico o matemático, y llevar la curiosidad, la capacidad de investigación y tenacidad de un erudito en su trabajo”
Sue Walker y Barratt Marcos
“El diseño de información, también conocido como diseño de comunicación, es una disciplina en rápido crecimiento que se basa en la tipografía, el diseño gráfico, la lingüística aplicada, la psicología aplicada, la ergonomía aplicada, la informática y otros campos. Surgió como una respuesta a la necesidad de la gente para entender y usar cosas como formularios, documentos legales, señales, interfaces informáticas, información técnica e instrucciones de funcionamiento y Montaje.
Society for Technical Communication’s (STC)
“La traducción de lo complejo, desorganizado, o los datos no estructurados en informaciones valiosas y significativas”.
Jorge Frascara
“El diseño de información tiene como objetivo asegurar la efectividad de la comunicación mediante la facilitación de los procesos de percepción, lectura, comprensión, memorización y uso de la información presentada. El diseño de información es necesariamente, diseño centrado en el usuario”.
Es posible encontrar en las definiciones aquí citadas, puntos de encuentro, definiciones teóricas y algunas vistas desde la práctica, pero sin lugar a dudas, todas comparten el mismo interés. Hacer más fácil lo complejo, develar el mundo ante los ojos de las personas, haciendo que los procesos o procedimientos complejos sean fácilmente entendibles. No se trata de un campo que resuelva todo y para todos, se trata de un campo que estudia las maneras de hacerlo más fácil.
Referencias.
Baer, Kim, and Jill Vacarra. Information Design Workbook: Graphic Approaches, Solutions, and Inspiration + 30 Case Studies. USA: Rockport Publishers, 2010.
O’Grady, Jennifer Visocky, and Kenneth Visocky O’Grady. The Information Design Handbook.
Switzeland: RotoVision, 2008.
Frascara, Jorge. ¿Qué es el diseño de informacion?,. Argentina: Infinito, 2011.
Jacobson, Robert. Information Design. Massachustts: MIT Press, 2000.
www.iiid.net
www.aiga.org
www.informationdesign.org
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